Abstract

Background: The heating caused by the high-speed rotation of the motorized spindle motor and the friction-induced heating of the bearings are inevitable. After the temperature rise, the relative position and size of the spindle and other parts or components of the machine tool will differ from that before the temperature rose, forming different temperature fields and then producing different degrees of thermal expansion, leading to processing errors. This paper analyzes the characteristics and application scenarios of various cooling mechanisms for motorized spindles. Objective: By analyzing and discussing the patents related to the cooling methods of motorized spindles, this study aims to explore the factors of temperature variation during the working process of the motorized spindle and seeks to predict future research and development in motorized spindle cooling equipment. Methods: The present status of various representative patents related to the cooling device of the motorized spindle was analyzed, and the influence of the cooling device of the motorized spindle on the working effect of the spindle was obtained. According to the classification of the characteristics of the cooling device, the degree of development of the existing cooling device in the cooling effect, temperature control, and other aspects is analyzed, and the latest patent technology is expounded and compared. Results: This paper analyzed the characteristics of cooling devices with different structures, analyzed the main problems existing in their development, and discussed solutions to the problems existing in motorized spindle cooling mechanisms and the current and future research directions. Conclusion: It is found that the circulating passage cooling device has the broadest application range and cools the motorized spindle effectively. The cooling structure has little influence on the motorized spindle and prolongs its service life. The cooling effect of adaptive and systemic cooling devices is better. However, there are some defects in both of them and so there is room for further development in both the cooling efficiency and machining accuracy.

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