Abstract

Static ice pressure is an important factor threatening the structural safety of bridges built in cold region reservoirs. Bridge piers will be subjected to high static ice pressure during the conversion of water to ice, which may cause deformation or even failure of piers. To investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of static ice pressure, this study carried out a two-year field observation experiment on the ice sheet of the Xilamulun Reservoir in Inner Monggol, China. A novel ice pressure panel was designed to measure static ice pressure in this work. Meanwhile, the air temperature, ice temperature, and ice thickness were recorded to analyze the influencing factors of static ice pressure. The results show that the new ice pressure panel provided an accurate measurement of the varying ice pressure and its vertical distribution within the ice sheet. The ice thickness growth factor was calculated based on the Freezing Ice Degree Day model, and snowfall was the critical parameter affecting the ice thickness growth factor. The new formulas for calculating the temperature distribution within the ice sheet were presented, in which critical parameters were determined based on measured data. The calculated ice pressures matched well with the observed values, which indicates the validity of the presented formulas. The maximum ice pressure on piers occurred at 1/3 to 1/2 of the ice thickness below the ice surface and gradually moved downward as the ice thickness increased. Moreover, the ice pressure is not only affected by the air temperature but also by the cracking state of the ice sheet, constraints, sunshine time, etc. This study can be used to predict ice sheet growth, ice pressure, and ice temperature distribution and contribute to the ice-resistant design of bridge piers in cold region reservoirs.

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