Active Involvement Research Articles

Exploring the Potentials of Unplugged Activities

This paper explores the use of unplugged activities as a pedagogical approach for teaching computational thinking (CT) to student teachers at a Danish university college in the subject technology comprehension. Through an analysis of three cases—a toothbrushing routine, a political profiling quiz, and an interactive story creation—the study examines students’ learning experiences and engagement with CT concepts and practices. The paper employs a methodological approach rooted in participatory observation and visual ethnography. Data collection includes video recordings, audio recordings, post-class interviews, and artefacts created by the students. The analysis reveals possibilities as well as challenges experienced by students in their involvement in computational thinking activities, including algorithms, decomposition, and abstraction. These findings contest the oversimplified classification of activities as either 'plugged' or 'unplugged', suggesting that alternative factors hold more substantial importance. Subsequently, the paper explores the roles of self-efficacy and ‘be-greifbarkeit’ in students' learning processes, thereby elucidating how students' motivation and learning expectations, in conjunction with their tangible experiences and conceptual understandings, influence the development of their computational thinking competencies. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for teacher educators, emphasising the need to consider the perceived complexity of the activity, including the students’ prerequisites for engaging with plugged and unplugged elements. It highlights the multifaceted nature of plugged and unplugged approaches, offering a nuanced perspective on their impact on students' learning experiences in the field of computational thinking.

Exploring the "shared" in shared decision-making in the care for children with chronic diseases or disabilities: what are the roles of parents and professionals?

There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of shared decision-making (SDM) in the care for children with chronic conditions and/or disabilities. Although participation in SDM can be more or less active, the tuning between parents and professionals about the way they want to participate in SDM is often an implicit process, limiting parents' optimal involvement. Role definitions may support both partners in the process of SDM. We conducted a scoping review to investigate the available knowledge on the interpretation and variability of different roles of parents and professionals in SDM. In total, 43 articles were included and were subjected to data extraction and thematic coding. The findings show that roles are described in the literature by three themes: (1) active and passive involvement, (2) leadership in decision-making, and (3) six specific roles: informing, advocating, supporting, facilitating, coordinating, and interacting. Some, but not all, of these roles are described for parents as well as professionals.Conclusion: The literature provides a first definition of the various roles parents and professionals may take during SDM. However, the results do not inform how the described roles can be performed in clinical practice. Follow-up research is needed to develop and evaluate practical initiatives to achieve suitable roles for both parents and professionals. What is Known: • Parents often play a role in shared decision-making What is New: • Parents and professionals can play different and various roles in decision-making • Most described roles can be played by both parents and professionals.

Encourage or Reject Employee Involvement: Value Creation in Human Resource Management in the AI Era—An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Enterprises and Employees

In the context of globalization and rapid technological advancement, the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought new opportunities and challenges to Human Resource Management (HRM). This study constructs an evolutionary game model to explore the strategy choices and evolutionary paths of enterprises and employees in HRM value co-creation with AI involvement. We numerically simulated the dynamic evolution of strategies under different scenarios, revealing the equilibrium characteristics of strategic interactions between enterprises and employees in the AI context. The study finds that, first, the evolutionary game system between enterprises and employees converges to two equilibrium points: {cooperation, active} and {non-cooperation, passive}. Overall, the probability of the former is 2.39 times greater than that of the latter. Second, higher initial probabilities of cooperation and active involvement, along with lower costs for cooperation and active involvement, facilitate the system’s evolution towards the {cooperation, active} equilibrium. Third, enterprises are more sensitive to the benefit distribution ratio than employees. This study provides theoretical support for effectively conducting HRM practices in the AI era through systematic analysis of HRM value co-creation behavior, along with practical policy recommendations.

The role of perception and ICT usage by parental figures in digital leisure engagement: a mediation analysis

ABSTRACT The presence of adolescent children in the household impacts parental involvement in digital leisure activities. However, some authors suggest that parents’ beliefs and personal ICT usage may be more determining factors than the presence of teenagers. This study examines how parents’ perception of digital leisure, their ICT usage, and their participation in leisure activities with their children affect their individual involvement in digital leisure activities, using a mediation analysis through Structural Equation Models (SEM). A total of 1200 Spanish parents participated (M = 46.61 years; age range: 28–69). The overall model revealed that joint participation in digital leisure activities within the family explains 58% of the variability in individual parental involvement, highlighting the relevance of family interaction in promoting digital skills and enhancing family relationships.

Social and political activity of Mikhail Rostovtzeff in emigration through his correspondence with Pyotr Struve

Mikhail Rostovtzeff, an eminent classicist, occupied a pivotal role not only within the academic milieu of the Russian Diaspora but also in the years preceding and following his departure from Russia in 1918. His activities were especially noteworthy during the initial years of emigration. The State Archive of the Russian Federation holds copies of four documents from the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (Leland Stanford Junior University) that illustrate the close relationship Rostovtzeff maintained with his like-minded colleague Pyotr Struve, one of the leaders of the Russian political emigration at the turn of the 1910s and early 1920s. Furthermore, the documents demonstrate Rostovtzeff’s active involvement in advancing anti-Bolshevik initiatives within the United States. Despite the apparent futility of his anti-Bolshevik efforts, Rostovtzeff nevertheless endeavoured to fulfill his public obligation through active engagement in social life abroad. This entailed offering aid to colleagues confronting daunting circumstances, cultivating and sustaining ties with the political milieu, particularly in the realm of foreign affairs, within the United States. The article introduces a previously unexplored correspondence between Rostovtzeff and Struve, providing insights not only into the lives of these scholars but also into the historical context of Soviet-American relations prior to the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the United States.

User-Centred Design and Development of a Smartphone Application (OverSight) for Digital Phenotyping in Ophthalmology

Background: Visual impairment can significantly impact an individual’s daily activities. Patients require regular monitoring, typically occurring within hospital eye services. Capacity constraints have necessitated innovative solutions to improve patient care. Existing digital solutions rely on task-based digital home monitoring such as visual acuity testing. These require active involvement from patients and do not typically offer an indication of quality of life. Digital phenotyping refers to the use of personal digital devices to quantify passive behaviour for detecting clinically significant changes in vision and act as biomarkers for disease. Its uniqueness lies in the ability to detect changes passively. The objective was to co-design an accessible smartphone app (OverSight) for the purposes of digital phenotyping in people with sight impairment. Methods: Development of OverSight included stakeholder consultations following principles of user-centred design. Apple iOS software frameworks (HealthKit, ResearchKit, and SensorKit) and a SwiftUI developer toolkit were used to enable the collection of active and passive data streams. Accessibility and usability were assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and feedback following a 3-month pilot study. Consultations with patients informed the design of OverSight, including preferred survey scheduling and the relevancy of patient support resources. Results: Twenty visually impaired participants (mean age 42 ± 19 years) were recruited to the pilot study. The average score on the SUS was 76.8 (±8.9), indicating good usability. There was a statistically significant moderate negative correlation between SUS scores and visual acuity in both the better (r = −0.494; p ≤ 0.001) and worse eye (r = −0.421; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: OverSight offers promising potential for collecting patient-generated health data for the purposes of digital phenotyping in patients with eye disease. Through further testing and validation, this novel approach to patient care may ultimately provide opportunities for remote monitoring in ophthalmology.

Assessment of meteorological and socioeconomic drought conditions in the Tekeze watershed, northern Ethiopia

In northern Ethiopia, meteorological droughts overwhelm crops and often lead people to food insecurity and poverty traps. Socioeconomic droughts similarly aggravate poverty and impact livelihoods; causing significant challenge on communities. Such issues in the area were not researched and not well addressed. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal and spatial trends of meteorological drought and the implied socioeconomic drought impacts in the Tekeze Watershed. The main data sources for this study included survey questionnaires, field observations, and CHIRPS data. Precipitation data from various stations were also employed to validate the CHIRPS data using a random forest regression model. The results revealed a strong coefficient of determination for the model, with values of 0.88, 0.87, 0.88, and 0.84 for the Mekele Obseva, Sekota, Yichila, and Ashere stations, respectively. This indicates that the precipitation recorded at these stations can be well-explained by the CHIRPS data. The temporal trends of meteorological drought showed that most of the years faced shortage of rainfall, where the year 2015 exceptionally faced a severe drought. The drought conditions in the area were exacerbating from time to time with a drought reoccurrence period of 2 years. The socioeconomic drought also found similar results within the agricultural drought that the years 2000, 2002, 2004–5, 2009–11, 2013–15, 2017, and 2021–23 were affected by droughts of different severity levels and associated socioeconomic impacts. Accordingly, almost all (99.5%) of the respondents reported that they were personally experiencing droughts. The major causes of drought in the study watershed were climate variability, land use changes, land degradation, water mismanagement, deforestation, war, and desert locusts. The consequences of these overlapping crises include pandemics, malnutrition, displacement, crop losses, desertification, and conflicts over resource use. While proposed interventions like improved irrigation, water infrastructure, drought-resistant crops, and emergency relief were intended to address these issues, ill-guided procedures and inadequate execution have undermined their effectiveness. Thus, these measures have not been successfully implemented and have fallen short of addressing the tangible impacts of drought. To this end, the study recommends effective implementation of the mitigation measures initially implemented by the government and nongovernmental organizations, emphasizing the active involvement of the local community.

Analisis Strategi dan Perkembangan Industri di Indonesia

This study analyzes the strategy and development of industry in Indonesia with the aim of identifying the main factors that influence the growth of the industrial sector. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study through related documents and journals. The results of the study indicate that industrial growth is influenced by economic, social, technological factors, and government policies. These factors include the growth of the manufacturing sector, the availability of skilled labor, investment, and the adoption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology. Government strategies such as Making Indonesia 4.0, tax incentives, and infrastructure improvements have played a significant role in encouraging industrial competitiveness in the global market. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, high production costs that hinder growth, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and product quality that does not meet international standards are still major obstacles. This study concludes that in order to maintain competitiveness, industry must increase innovation, implement new technologies and strengthen the quality of human resources. The active involvement of the government in supporting policies and infrastructure is crucial to encourage sustainable industrial development.

FRONT-END SECURITY ARCHITECTURE: PROTECTION OF USER DATA AND PRIVACY

Investigation of this topic is relevant in light of the significant increase in the frequency and scale of cyber-attacks that affect various industries and organisations. The purpose of this study is to analyse existing data protection methods at the Front-end, which are able to effectively protect the confidentiality of user data in the face of modern cyber threats. Among the methods used, the analytical method, synthesis, classification, statistical and other methods should be noted. The study identified serious risks associated with storing confidential data on the client side. In particular, the use of cookies and local storage turned out to be vulnerable points that pose potential threats to data security. An analysis of existing web applications revealed the presence of cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities, which became a route for the introduction of malicious scripts. It was revealed that the generation and use of unique cross-site request forgery (CSRF) tokens for each request play a key role in preventing cross-site request forgery. The implementation of Governance as Code (GaC) technology has demonstrated potential for automating compliance with established architectural and security standards, thereby reinforcing front-end defenses against cyber threats. The findings emphasise the importance of educating end users on the basic principles of network security. The study highlights the importance of developers’ active involvement in Front-end security. Thus, a comprehensive overview of the Front-end security architecture with a focus on protecting user data and ensuring privacy is provided. The practical significance of the study lies in the provision of specific recommendations and practical solutions to improve Front-end security in web applications and represents a valuable set of tools and approaches that can be applied by developers and engineers to strengthen the security of web applications. The addition of Governance as Code technology introduces an innovative layer of automated security enforcement that is particularly suited to addressing emerging cybersecurity challenges in real-time.

Partnership Development of Smallholder Coffee Cultivation: A Model for Social Capital in the Global Value Chain

The productivity of smallholder coffee cultivation is declining due to ageing trees, making the rejuvenation of coffee trees with superior seeds essential. This rejuvenation process requires the support and participation of various stakeholders, including the government, banks, investors, universities, community leaders, experts, extension workers, and other parties. The nature of an incomplete contract in building partnership with farmers requires confidence building to avoid higher costs in enforcing a new behavior. However, this study shows that the accumulation of social capital also leads to higher expenses in maintaining these relationships. This study aimed to develop a social capital model to enhance partnerships between coffee farmers and relevant stakeholders. The analysis used a system dynamics model for coffee production and farmer income. The data collection involved the gathering of data and information from 17 actors in the coffee industry in Lampung, particularly in Kopista community. The study reveals that the social capital model must be constructed from four components: (1) trust, (2) ongoing cooperative activities, (3) social capital connections, and (4) memories of successful cooperative actions. Active involvement and instruction from specialists on the concept of social capital and partnership models can enhance cooperation by maintaining social connections. The policy implication of this study is that the development of a social capital model and partnership must be constructed by mentoring for economic benefits and must be continuously supported.

Challenges Faced in the Utilization of FAQs in Agriculture among Farmers in Kerala, India

The study aimed to identify and rank the challenges faced by farmers in South Kerala in utilizing Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) and Frequently Asked Question Solution (FAQ-S) for agricultural information. The research was carried out across five districts, viz., Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, and Kottayam, representing diverse agricultural practices. A total of 150 progressive farmers were randomly selected, with 30 participants from each district, based on their active involvement in agricultural programs and knowledge-sharing activities. Primary data were collected through in-person interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured schedule. Challenges were ranked using Garrett’s ranking technique, which provided a comprehensive evaluation of their significance based on both mean scores and Garrett values. The findings revealed that the lack of awareness (mean=72.01 and Garrett value= 80) about FAQ-S ranked as the most critical challenge, followed by time constraints (mean=69.65 and Garrett value= 33 and insufficient trust (mean=54.56 and Garrett value= 40 in the information provided. Other significant barriers included limited content relevance, technical difficulties, language barriers, and access issues. However, despite the agricultural sector's potential, farmers in Kerala, particularly smallholders, face barriers in accessing updated and reliable information essential for improving agricultural productivity. The study concluded that targeted interventions, such as awareness campaigns, trust-building initiatives, localized content development, and improved digital literacy, are essential to enhance the effectiveness of FAQ-S. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that if these challenges are properly addressed, it will improve information dissemination, empower farmers, and support sustainable agricultural development in Kerala.

Participatory Development Communication Strategy of an Urban Farming Program in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Participatory development communication strategies to enhance local food security in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, have made substantial progress through urban farming initiatives. This study examines how these strategies contribute to improving local food security by analyzing urban farming programs initiated by the city government. Urban farming, as a key innovation, has become increasingly important due to diminishing arable land and the need for sufficient nutritional intake in both quantity and quality, necessitating active community involvement. The research employs observations and in-depth interviews with leaders and members of farmers’ groups, agricultural extensions, and the local Department of Agriculture and Food staff, reinforced by focus group discussions. Findings indicate that the communication strategy, rooted in a bottom-up participatory development communication approach from planning through evaluation, embodies community empowerment, making the success and sustainability of the program a shared responsibility. Despite some accomplishments, the initiative has not yet been adopted by all community members. The harvest is also limited to daily needs and has not greatly improved group members’ income. The key to participatory development communication in the urban farming program is regularly scheduled meetings held by farmer groups as a participatory medium to manage activities.

Unraveling the priming phase of NLRP3 inflammasome activation: Molecular insights and clinical relevance.

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. Its activation involves a two-step mechanism that consists of priming and activation. The priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital initial phase necessary for its activation and subsequent involvement in the immune response, though its understanding varies across studies. Recent research has identified key proteins that influence the priming process, revealing a sophisticated regulatory network. This review provides a comprehensive review of the priming phase of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, with a particular focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, orchestration of the phosphorylation status, deubiquitination and the relationships with the inflammation-associated diseases. Understanding the intricacies of NLRP3 inflammasome priming not only elucidates fundamental aspects of immune regulation, but also provides potential avenues for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.

Impact Factors of the Maturity of FSSC in the Digital Age: A Study Based on Structural Equation Modeling

Since the mid-1980s, many multinational companies (MNCs) have transformed their finance functions into financial shared service centers (FSSCs), in order to cut costs and optimize internal operations. When it came to the 21st century, breakthroughs in technology have witnessed the rapid growth of the digital economy, promoting the digital transformation of enterprises and the digital transformation of finance. The construction of a FSSC has laid a solid foundation for the digital transformation of finance and has gained popularity in large companies. However, the practices of FSSC in China are deeply associated with the development of IT. Some scholars see it as a kind of IT application in the finance function, as evidenced by the active involvement of IT companies in the establishment of FSSCs. In this paper, the authors launched a questionnaire to measure the maturity of the FSSC in Chinese companies. Data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM), aiming to study the factors that have impacts on the maturity of FSSC and the influencing path of the factors. Influencing factors were designed based on the TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) theory, and the maturity model of FSSC was modified from the PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) maturity model of FSSC. And then a structural model was constructed. Various tests for SEM were used, and the study showed that the technological and organizational conditions of enterprises have promoted the construction and development of FSSCs, while the external environmental conditions indirectly influenced the maturity of FSSC through affecting the organizational and technological conditions. The paper also showed the influencing path of the factors.

Fields of synergy - theory and practice of cooperation between social enterprises and business

Face of social, economic, environmental challenges and proliferation of multi-crises - a development of social entrepreneurship, involvement and civic activism become very desirable. A need for interactions and cooperation between various groups of actors present in the local spaces is often seen as the contemporary paradigm. The aim of the study is to conceptualize the cooperation process between social enterprises and business. The presented results of empirical research constitute the basis for identifying potential areas of cooperation to increase the potential of social entrepreneurship. The research is based on a case study conducted in a local environment. Theoretical research was conducted using the deductive method. Empirical research methodology was used in the form of interviews and business modeling techniques. The phenomenon of cooperation was explored against the background of opportunities to develop social entrepreneurship, strengthen the potential of cooperating enterprises and achieve benefits for local communities. The result of the research is the discovery of the basic dimensions of practical and effective cooperation between social enterprises and business in the form of an analog-representational model. In the proposed research approach, mutual involvement in joint initiatives based on active involvement, lasting and interactive cooperation and sharing was considered crucial. The research covered the context of creating innovation potential, outsourcing services, implementing the common good and sharing resources. It seems that the presented approach may be universal and can be extrapolated to other regions and cultural contexts.

‘A two-person job’: the role of a supportive matrix for ‘good enough’ parenting

ABSTRACT This paper employs the psychoanalytic method of observation over 12 months to examine the development of an infant (Andrea) and her caregiving environment through weekly one-hour visits. Initially, the observations focused on interactions between Andrea and her mother, who was a single parent during pregnancy and Andrea’s early weeks. As the father became more involved, the focus broadened to include him, shifting the family dynamic from a dyadic to a triadic structure. This transition offers nuanced insights into the complexities of parental roles and the factors that enable ‘good enough’ parenting and healthy child development. The observations highlight that parenting, particularly caring for a newborn, is a challenging task requiring a collaborative family environment, with active parental involvement and broader support systems for both the caregiver and the child. This support helps ensure adequate parenting, which in turn fosters the infant’s emotional security and overall well-being. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories, these observations seem to show that while the primary caregiver-infant dyad is crucial, the effectiveness of caregiving and the child’s development are greatly enhanced by the larger support network. This underscores the need for stronger societal support systems to help caregivers and infants thrive, particularly in increasingly individualistic Western cultures.

EXPLORING MEMORIZATION PATTERNS IN THE TAHFIDZ AND TARJAMAH QUR'AN PROGRAMS

The memorization and understanding of the Qur'an play a vital role in shaping a Qur'anic generation. This study aims to explore the memorization patterns in the Tahfidz and Tarjamah Qur'an programs at Darul Hufadz Islamic Senior High School. Using a qualitative research approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation from 38 informants, including the principal, five mentor teachers, and 32 students. Data analysis followed a process of reduction, presentation, and verification. The findings indicate that the Tahfidzul Qur'an program follows a daily memorization pattern known as "One Day One Verse," where students memorize one verse and its translation each day. The program emphasizes regular recitation, memorization, comprehension, and the practical application of the Qur'an’s teachings, with parental oversight. Collaborative reading sessions between teachers and students, coupled with repetition—where verses are repeated over 40 times and listened to more than 60 times—reinforce the memorization process. This structured approach effectively cultivates a Qur'anic generation, ensuring deep engagement with the Qur'an. The study highlights the importance of consistent memorization routines and active teacher involvement in fostering both cognitive and spiritual development among students.

Value System Formation Through Project and Research Activities Part of Science Lessons

More effective methodologies are still needed to achieve a system that can inspire students' interest and motivation and guide them toward science and research. This results in a need for more robust value system formation among students in educational settings. The study's main objective was to develop and implement a value system formation technology for school children in the context of active teaching, focusing on biology education. This research is a qualitative study involving biology teachers and schoolchildren in a school's educational environment. The data collection methods used in this study were interviews, observation, and document analysis. The instrument used was an observation sheet. The data analysis methods used in this research are thematic and content analysis. The results showed that Monakhov's axiom technology effectively increased students' involvement and interest in project and research activities and assisted teachers in achieving educational goals oriented towards the holistic development of students' values. In conclusion, the findings of this study show a significant increase in the number of scientific and research works conducted by students of schools participating in competitions such as DARYN and MAN over the past three years. This research is expected to inform educational policy and curriculum development, promoting the integration of project and research activities to develop individuals with solid scientific thinking, ethical values, and a sense of responsibility towards their environment.

Impact of Technological Interventions on the Yield and Income of Tribal Farm Women’s in Arunachal Pradesh under Eastern Himalayan Region

The study was conducted to determine the extent of Impact, adoption of improved technologies, economics and yield gap analysis in the empowerment of tribal farm women’s cluster having 50 nos. of respondents selected among a pool of 105 farm families in the Chug village of West Kameng District Arunachal Pradesh. Various technological interventions were made by the K.V.K for the tribal farm women’s empowerment. In this reference the present study was undertaken to have an understanding of the nature and extent of the empowerment of rural women’sthrough involvement in income generational activities under the aegis of Doubling Farmers Income Programme started by Govt. of India. The study revealed that the highest income generating activity was paddy cum Fish farming and nursery raising of temperate fruit crops with >100% increase while the lowest income generating activity was SRI of local rice with 25% increase only. The extension gap recorded was highest 2000Kg/ha in the introduction of HYV of ginger and lowest 30 eggs/year in the introduction of improved poultry breed having same trend in (TG) technology gap i.e. 12000kg and 60 egg/year respectively. The technology index TI was highest 60 in ginger production and 16.66 in SRI of local paddy.

The Relationship Between Social Media and Womens Well-being: The Role of Self-objectification

Social media has become a fundamental part of everyday life, frequently showcasing objectifying information and images that impact users' perceptions and behaviors. This review explores the relationship between social media use and women's well-being, focusing on how self-objectification mediates this relationship. The study delves into the role of internalization of ideal beauty standards and social comparisons as mediators between media use and self-objectification. The review categorizes specific social media selfie behaviors, including selfie-viewing, selfie-posting, selfie-editing, and selfie-investment, and analyzes their differential impacts on self-objectification and health. Using a comprehensive literature review method, the results indicate that media use, particularly frequent involvement in selfie-related activities is strongly linked to increased self-objectification and subsequent negative health outcomes. For specific activities, contradictory findings are identified regarding the impact of selfie-posting, and possible explanations are provided, including motivations, scale usage, and cultural differences.